Computer Science Essentials on Laksh Budhrani | Course Hub

Lecture 1 — Turtle Basics

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 1 — Turtle Basics

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Objective

Set up your project folder and Python file for Turtle.
Understand the Turtle canvas and the turtle’s default direction.
Draw your first simple shape using forward() and left().

Objective 1 — Project Setup

1. Create your class folder

Go to your Desktop.
Create a folder named: CSE_BlockX_2026

Replace BlockX with your class block (example: CSE_BlockB_2026).
This folder will store all your work for the entire year.

2. Open the folder in VS Code

Open VS Code.
Click File → Open Folder.
Select your folder:
CSE_BlockX_2026.

3. Create your Python file

Inside VS Code:

Create a new file.
Name it: turtle_class1.py

This will be your file for Lecture 1.

4. Run your file

We will run the file once we add the Turtle boilerplate code in the next section.

Objective 2 — Turtle Canvas & Angles (Anticlockwise System)

Turtle Starting Position

Below is the Turtle canvas using the anticlockwise angle system.
The turtle begins at the center of the screen at (0, 0) and faces 0°, which means to the right.

Key Points

Turtle starts at (0, 0).
Default direction is 0° → Right.
Basic angles:
- 0° → Right
- 90° → Up
- 180° → Left
- 270° → Down
The graph helps you visualize how the turtle moves.

Objective 3 - Turtle Movement Basics

1. `forward(distance)`

Moves the turtle straight ahead in the direction it is currently facing.

Example:

p.forward(100)

2. `left(angle)`

Turns the turtle anticlockwise by the given number of degrees.

Example:

p.forward(100)
p.left(90)
p.forward(100)

Whiteboard Drawing Activity (Guided)

Whiteboard Image

Explain in Plain English

Write a short explanation (3–5 sentences) describing how you will draw this whiteboard using only:

forward(distance)
left(angle)

Explain the steps in simple English, as if you are giving instructions to a friend.

Now Let’s Code It Together

Use the Turtle boilerplate below and write your whiteboard‑drawing code inside the marked section.

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Write your whiteboard drawing steps using forward() and left())



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Notes

The whiteboard is a rectangle using simple 90° turns.
The two supports are small rectangle drawn below the board.
Only forward() and left() will be used.

Independent Activity — Simple Flag Drawing

Flag Image

Your Task

Look at the flag image above and draw it independently using only:

forward(distance)
left(angle)

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier in this lecture.

Create Your Own File

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class1_independent.py

Inside that file, use the boilerplate and write your flag‑drawing code in the section marked:

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your flag drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 1

Lecture 2 — Turtle Pen Control & Movements

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 2 — Turtle Pen Control & Movements

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Basic Commands from Lecture 1

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight ahead
`p.left(angle)`	Turn the turtle left by that angle

Objectives

Understand penup() and pendown()
Learn how to turn using right(angle)
Learn how to move backward using backward(distance)

Objective 1 — `penup()` and `pendown()`

Simple Definitions

penup() — Move the turtle without drawing.
pendown() — Put the pen down to start drawing again.

Example: Drawing Three Horizontal Lines

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
p.forward(50)
p.penup()

p.forward(50)
p.pendown()

p.forward(50)
# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Objective 2 & 3 — `right()` and `backward()`

Simple Definitions

right(angle) — Turn the turtle clockwise by the given angle.
backward(distance) — Move the turtle straight backward without turning.

Example: Drawing a Simple Letter C

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
p.backward(70)
p.right(90)

p.forward(120)
p.left(90)

p.forward(70)
# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

House Drawing Activity (Guided)

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class2.py

House Image

Explain in Plain English

Write a short explanation (3–5 sentences) describing how you think we can draw this house using:

forward()
left()
right()
backward()
penup()
pendown()

Explain the steps in simple English, as if you are telling a friend how to draw it.

Boilerplate Code

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Write your house drawing steps using the new commands)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Notes

Use penup() to move without drawing.
Use pendown() to start drawing again.
Use right() for clockwise turns.
Use backward() if you need to reverse a little.

Independent Activity — Letter `L` Inside a Square

Letter L Image

Your Task

Look at the image above and draw it independently using:

forward(distance)
left(angle)
right(angle)
backward(distance)
penup()
pendown()

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier in this lecture.

Create Your Own File

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class2_independent.py

Inside that file, use the boilerplate and write your letter‑drawing code in the section marked:

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 2

Lecture 3 — Turtle Styling & Visibility

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 3 — Turtle Styling & Visibility

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Basic Commands from Previous Lectures

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight ahead
`p.backward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight backward
`p.left(angle)`	Turn the turtle left
`p.right(angle)`	Turn the turtle right
`p.penup()`	Move without drawing
`p.pendown()`	Start drawing again

Objectives

Learn how to change pen color using pencolor()
Learn how to change line thickness using pensize()
Learn how to hide the turtle using hideturtle()
Learn how to show the turtle using showturtle()

Objective 1 — `pencolor()`

Simple Definition

pencolor() — Change the color of the turtle’s pen.

Example: Change Pen Color

p.pencolor("red")
p.forward(100)

Objective 2 — `pensize()`

Simple Definition

pensize() — Change the thickness of the line.

Example: Change Pen Size

p.pensize(10)
p.forward(100)

Objective 3 — `hideturtle()`

Simple Definition

hideturtle() — Hide the turtle icon from the screen.

Example: Hide Turtle

p.hideturtle()
p.forward(100)

Objective 4 — `showturtle()`

Simple Definition

showturtle() — Show the turtle icon again.

Example: Show Turtle

p.showturtle()
p.forward(100)

CS Drawing Activity (Guided)

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class3.py

CS Image

Explain in Plain English

Write a short explanation (3–5 sentences) describing how you think we can draw the letters “C” and “S” using:

forward()
left()
right()
penup()
pendown()
pencolor()
pensize()
hideturtle()

Explain the steps in simple English, as if you are telling a friend how to draw it.

Boilerplate Code

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Write your CS drawing steps using the new styling commands)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Notes

Use different colors for the C and S.
Use pensize(30) to make the letters bold.
Use penup() to move without drawing.
Use pendown() to start drawing again.
Use hideturtle() at the end for a clean final look.

Independent Activity — Color Stairs Drawing

Stairs Image

Your Task

Look at the image above and draw it independently using:

forward(distance)
left(angle)
right(angle)
pencolor()
pensize()
hideturtle()

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier in this lecture.

Create Your Own File

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class3_independent.py

Inside that file, use the boilerplate and write your stairs‑drawing code in the section marked:

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 3

Lecture 4 — Turtle Positioning & Direction

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 4 — Turtle Positioning & Direction

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Basic Commands from Previous Lectures

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight ahead
`p.backward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight backward
`p.left(angle)`	Turn the turtle left
`p.right(angle)`	Turn the turtle right
`p.penup()`	Move without drawing
`p.pendown()`	Start drawing again
`p.pencolor(color)`	Change the pen color
`p.pensize(size)`	Change the line thickness
`p.hideturtle()`	Hide the turtle icon
`p.showturtle()`	Show the turtle icon again

Canvas Coordinates & Directions

Canvas Reference Image

The turtle screen works like a graphing plane:

Center → (0, 0)
Right → positive X
Left → negative X
Up → positive Y
Down → negative Y

This helps us understand where the turtle will “teleport” when using goto(x, y).
It also shows how setheading(angle) works:

0° → face right
90° → face up
180° → face left
270° → face down

These angles help us point the turtle in exact directions before drawing.

Objectives

Learn how to teleport the turtle using goto(x, y)
Learn how to point the turtle using setheading(angle)

Objective 1 — `goto(x, y)`

Simple Definition

goto(x, y) — Move the turtle instantly to a specific coordinate.

Example: Move to Top‑Left Corner

p.goto(-200, 150)

Objective 2 — `setheading(angle)`

Simple Definition

setheading(angle) — Point the turtle in a specific direction using degrees.

Example: Face West and Draw

p.setheading(180)
p.forward(100)

Clock Drawing Activity (Guided)

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class4.py

Clock Image

Explain in Plain English

Write a short explanation (3–5 sentences) describing how you think we can draw this clock using:

goto(x, y)
setheading(angle)
penup()
pendown()
right()
forward()

Explain the steps in simple English, as if you are telling a friend how to draw it.

Boilerplate Code

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Use goto() and setheading() to place each clock line)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Notes

Use goto() to place each hour mark.
Use setheading() to point the turtle outward before drawing each line.
Use penup() to move without drawing.
Use pendown() to draw the hour marks.
Use hideturtle() at the end for a clean final look.

Independent Activity — Pine Tree Drawing

Pine Tree Image

Your Task

Look at the image above and draw it independently using:

goto(x, y)
setheading(angle)
forward(distance)
penup()
pendown()
pensize()
pencolor()

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier in this lecture.

Important Coordinates (Use These!)

To help you draw the pine tree, use these exact coordinates:

Top of triangle → goto(0, 80)
Bottom‑right → goto(60, -20)
Bottom‑left → goto(-60, -20)
Trunk start → goto(0, -20)

These points will help you draw the triangle and trunk in the correct place.

Create Your Own File

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class4_independent.py

Inside that file, use the boilerplate and write your pine‑tree code in the section marked:

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 4

Lecture 5 — Turtle Circles, Arcs & Polygons

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 5 — Turtle Circles, Arcs & Polygons

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Commands You Already Know

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight ahead
`p.backward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight backward
`p.left(angle)`	Turn the turtle left
`p.right(angle)`	Turn the turtle right
`p.penup()`	Move without drawing
`p.pendown()`	Start drawing again
`p.pencolor(color)`	Change the pen color
`p.pensize(size)`	Change the line thickness
`p.hideturtle()`	Hide the turtle icon
`p.showturtle()`	Show the turtle icon again
`p.goto(x, y)`	Teleport the turtle to a coordinate
`p.setheading(angle)`	Point the turtle in a specific direction

Objectives

Learn how to draw circles
Learn how to draw arcs
Learn how to draw polygon‑style circles

Objective 1 — Full Circle: `circle(r)`

Simple Definition

circle(r) — Draw a full circle with radius r.

Example

p.circle(80)

Objective 2 — Arc: `circle(r, a)`

Simple Definition

circle(r, a) — Draw an arc of angle a degrees.

Example

p.circle(100, 180)

Objective 3 — Polygon Circle: `circle(r, a, s)`

Simple Definition

circle(r, a, s) — Draw a circle or arc using s straight-line steps, creating a polygon.

Example

p.circle(60, 360, 6)

Quick MCQ Check — Circle Syntax & Logic

1. What does `p.circle(50)` draw?

A. A square
B. A full circle of radius 50
C. A half circle
D. A polygon

2. What does `p.circle(80, 90)` draw?

A. A full circle
B. A 90‑degree arc
C. A polygon
D. A straight line

3. What does the third parameter in `circle(r, a, s)` control?

A. Color
B. Speed
C. Number of straight‑line steps
D. Radius

4. Which command draws a triangle using circle syntax?

A. p.circle(50, 360, 3)
B. p.circle(50)
C. p.circle(50, 180)
D. p.circle(50, 360, 10)

5. What does `p.circle(30, 180)` draw?

A. A full circle
B. A 180‑degree arc
C. A square
D. A hexagon

6. Which one draws a polygon with 8 sides?

A. p.circle(60, 360, 8)
B. p.circle(60, 180, 8)
C. p.circle(60)
D. p.circle(60, 360)

7. What happens if you write `p.circle(100, 360, 4)`?

A. A perfect circle
B. A square
C. A triangle
D. A straight line

8. Which command draws a quarter circle?

A. p.circle(80, 360)
B. p.circle(80, 90)
C. p.circle(80, 180)
D. p.circle(80, 45, 4)

Car Drawing Activity (Guided)

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class5.py

Car Image

Explain in Plain English

Write a short explanation (3–5 sentences) describing how you think we can draw this car using:

circle()
circle(r, a)
circle(r, a, s)
pencolor()
pensize()
goto()
setheading()
penup()
pendown()
hideturtle()

Explain the steps in simple English, as if you are telling a friend how to draw it.

Boilerplate Code

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Use circles, arcs, and polygon circles to draw the car)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Notes

Use polygon circles for the car body.
Use full circles for wheels.
Use arcs for the headlight.
Use goto() to place each part correctly.
Use hideturtle() at the end for a clean final look.

Independent Activity — Smiley Face Drawing

Smiley Face Image

Your Task

Look at the image above and draw it independently using:

circle(r)
circle(r, a)
pencolor()
pensize()
goto(x, y)
penup()
pendown()
hideturtle()

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier in this lecture.

Create Your Own File

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class5_independent.py

Inside that file, use the boilerplate and write your smiley‑face code in the section marked:

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 5

Lecture 6 — Turtle Fill Colors & RGB

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 6 — Turtle Fill Colors & RGB

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Commands You Already Know

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight ahead
`p.backward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight backward
`p.left(angle)`	Turn the turtle left
`p.right(angle)`	Turn the turtle right
`p.penup()`	Move without drawing
`p.pendown()`	Start drawing again
`p.pencolor(color)`	Change the pen color
`p.pensize(size)`	Change the line thickness
`p.hideturtle()`	Hide the turtle icon
`p.showturtle()`	Show the turtle icon again
`p.goto(x, y)`	Teleport the turtle to a coordinate
`p.setheading(angle)`	Point the turtle in a specific direction
`p.circle(r)`	Draw a full circle of radius r
`p.circle(r, a)`	Draw an arc of angle a degrees
`p.circle(r, a, s)`	Draw a polygon circle using s steps

Objectives

Learn how RGB colors work
Learn how to use fillcolor()
Learn how to use begin_fill() and end_fill()

Objective 1 — RGB Colors in Turtle

Simple Definition

RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue
Each value goes from 0 to 255
You can mix these three numbers to create any color

Syntax

p.fillcolor( r, g, b )
p.pencolor( r, g, b )

Example:

p.fillcolor(0, 120, 255) # bright blue
p.pencolor(255, 0, 0) # red outline

RGB Venn Diagram

Objective 2 — `fillcolor()`

Simple Definition

fillcolor() — Set the color used to fill shapes.

Example

p.fillcolor("purple")

Objective 3 — `begin_fill()` and `end_fill()`

Simple Definition

begin_fill() — Start filling the shape
end_fill() — Finish filling the shape

Example

p.fillcolor("blue")
p.begin_fill()
p.forward(100)
p.left(90)
p.forward(100)
p.left(90)
p.forward(100)
p.left(90)
p.forward(100)
p.end_fill()

France Flag Activity (Guided)

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class6.py

France Flag Image

Explain in Plain English

Write a short explanation (3–5 sentences) describing how you think we can draw the France flag using:

fillcolor()
begin_fill()
end_fill()
goto()
setheading()
penup()
pendown()
forward()
left()

Explain the steps in simple English, as if you are telling a friend how to draw it.

Boilerplate Code

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Use fillcolor, begin_fill, end_fill, and RGB if you want)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Notes

The France flag has three vertical rectangles
Use begin_fill() and end_fill() for each rectangle
Use goto() to move to each section
Use RGB or color names
Use hideturtle() at the end for a clean final look

Independent Activity — Traffic Light Drawing

Traffic Light Image

Your Task

Look at the image above and draw it independently using:

fillcolor()
begin_fill()
end_fill()
circle(r)
pensize()
goto(x, y)
penup()
pendown()
forward()
right()
hideturtle()

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier in this lecture.

Create Your Own File

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class6_independent.py

Inside that file, use the boilerplate and write your traffic‑light code in the section marked:

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 6

Lecture 7 — Turtle Shapes, Stamps & Sizes

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 7 — Turtle Shapes, Stamps & Sizes

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Commands You Already Know

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight ahead
`p.backward(steps)`	Move the turtle straight backward
`p.left(angle)`	Turn the turtle left
`p.right(angle)`	Turn the turtle right
`p.penup()`	Move without drawing
`p.pendown()`	Start drawing again
`p.pencolor(color)`	Change the pen color
`p.pensize(size)`	Change the line thickness
`p.hideturtle()`	Hide the turtle icon
`p.showturtle()`	Show the turtle icon again
`p.goto(x, y)`	Teleport the turtle to a coordinate
`p.setheading(angle)`	Point the turtle in a specific direction
`p.circle(r)`	Draw a full circle
`p.circle(r, a)`	Draw an arc
`p.circle(r, a, s)`	Draw a polygon circle
`p.begin_fill()`	Start filling a shape
`p.end_fill()`	Finish filling a shape
`p.fillcolor()`	Set fill color

Objectives

Learn how to change turtle shape
Learn how to stamp turtle shapes
Learn how to change turtle size using turtlesize()
Learn how to change turtle speed
Learn how to draw dots using dot()

Objective 1 — `shape()`

Simple Definition

shape() — Change the turtle’s appearance.

Available Shapes

"arrow"
"turtle"
"circle"
"square"
"triangle"
"classic"

Example

p.shape("turtle")
p.forward(100)

Objective 2 — `stamp()`

Simple Definition

stamp() — Leave a copy of the turtle shape on the screen.

Example

p.shape("arrow")
p.stamp()
p.forward(30)
p.shape("turtle")
p.stamp()
p.forward(30)
p.shape("circle")
p.stamp()

Objective 3 — `turtlesize()`

Simple Definition

turtlesize() — Make the turtle icon bigger or smaller.

Example

p.shape("circle")
p.turtlesize(1)
p.stamp()
p.forward(70)
p.turtlesize(2)
p.stamp()
p.forward(70)
p.turtlesize(3)
p.stamp()

Objective 4 — `speed()`

Simple Definition

speed() — Change how fast the turtle moves.

Speed Levels (Short & Simple)

speed(0) → fastest (no animation)
speed(1) → slowest
speed(3) → slow
speed(6) → normal
speed(10) → fast

Example

p.speed(0) # fastest drawing

Objective 5 — `dot()`

Simple Definition

dot(size, color) — Draw a filled circle (dot).

Example

p.dot(30, "red")
p.forward(40)
p.dot(15, "purple")
p.forward(40)
p.dot(25, "green")

Solar System Activity (Guided)

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class7.py

Solar System Image

Explain in Plain English

Write a short explanation (3–5 sentences) describing how you think we can draw this solar system using:

shape()
turtlesize()
stamp()
speed()
dot()
pencolor()
fillcolor()
goto()
penup()
pendown()

Explain the steps in simple English, as if you are telling a friend how to draw it.

Boilerplate Code

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Use shape, turtlesize, stamp, speed, and dot to draw the solar system)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Notes

Use shape("triangle") and stamp() for stars
Use dot() for planets
Use turtlesize() to make stars bigger
Use goto() to place each planet
Use bgcolor() to make space look nice
Use hideturtle() at the end for a clean final look

Independent Activity — Ladybug Drawing

Ladybug Image

Your Task

Look at the image above and draw it independently using:

shape()
turtlesize()
stamp()
dot()
fillcolor()
pencolor()
goto(x, y)
penup()
pendown()
hideturtle()

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier in this lecture.

Create Your Own File

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class7_independent.py

Inside that file, use the boilerplate and write your ladybug code in the section marked:

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 7

Lecture 8 — Turtle Review Project

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 8 — Turtle Review Project

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Commands You Already Know

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward(steps)`	Move forward
`p.backward(steps)`	Move backward
`p.left(angle)`	Turn left
`p.right(angle)`	Turn right
`p.penup()`	Lift the pen
`p.pendown()`	Put the pen down
`p.pencolor(color)`	Change line color
`p.pensize(size)`	Change line thickness
`p.goto(x, y)`	Move to a coordinate
`p.setheading(angle)`	Point the turtle in a direction
`p.circle(r)`	Draw a circle
`p.begin_fill()`	Start filling a shape
`p.end_fill()`	Finish filling a shape
`p.fillcolor(color)`	Set fill color
`p.dot(size, color)`	Draw a dot
`p.shape(name)`	Change turtle shape
`p.stamp()`	Stamp the turtle shape
`p.turtlesize(size)`	Resize the turtle icon
`p.speed(value)`	Change drawing speed
`wn.bgcolor(color)`	Change background color

Objectives

Review all turtle methods learned
Choose one project to complete independently
Use creativity + multiple turtle concepts
Submit your final drawing in Google Classroom

Your Task for Today

You will not learn new commands today.
Instead, choose ONE of the following projects and draw it using the turtle methods you already know.

Option 1 — American Flag

You may use:

p.forward, p.pensize, p.begin_fill, p.end_fill, p.shape, p.stamp, p.goto, etc.

Option 2 — House Drawing

You may use:

p.begin_fill, p.end_fill, p.circle, p.goto, p.fillcolor, p.pencolor, etc.

Option 3 — Solar System

You may use:

p.dot, p.circle, p.goto, p.speed, wn.bgcolor, etc.

Option 4 — Something Else

You may create your own idea, but only if:

it uses multiple turtle methods
it is appropriate
you get instructor approval

Boilerplate Code

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class8.py

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Choose one project and draw it using turtle methods)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom under:

Assignment 1 — Turtle Review Project

Include:

A Google Doc
Your code pasted inside
A screenshot of your final drawing
Turn it in before the deadline

Reminder

This is your review assignment.
Use creativity, color, shapes, and all turtle methods you’ve learned.

Have fun drawing!

Lecture 9 — Input, Variables & Identifiers

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 9 — Input, Variables & Identifiers

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Turtle Commands You Already Know

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward()`	Move forward
`p.backward()`	Move backward
`p.left()`	Turn left
`p.right()`	Turn right
`p.penup()`	Lift the pen
`p.pendown()`	Put the pen down
`p.pencolor()`	Change line color
`p.pensize()`	Change line thickness
`p.goto()`	Move to a coordinate
`p.setheading()`	Point the turtle in a direction
`p.circle()`	Draw a circle
`p.begin_fill()`	Start filling a shape
`p.end_fill()`	Finish filling a shape
`p.fillcolor()`	Set fill color
`p.dot()`	Draw a dot
`p.shape()`	Change turtle shape
`p.stamp()`	Stamp the turtle shape
`p.turtlesize()`	Resize the turtle icon
`p.speed()`	Change drawing speed
`wn.bgcolor()`	Change background color

Any questions about the previous assignment?

Ask now before we move on.

Objective

Understand how to collect user input, store it in variables, and name variables correctly using identifiers.

What is a variable
How to name variables (identifiers)
How input() collects information

Objective 1 — Variables

A variable is a container that stores a value.

Examples:

car_length = 120
color = "blue"
wheel_radius = 20

Key Ideas:
• Variables store information
• You can use them later

Objective 2 — Identifiers (Variable Names)

Identifiers are the names you give to variables.

Rules

✔ Must start with a letter or underscore
✔ Can contain letters, numbers, underscores
✔ No spaces
✔ No special characters
✔ Case‑sensitive
✔ Should be meaningful

Correct Examples

pizza_size
car_length
wheel_radius
crust_color

Wrong Examples

2size # cannot start with a number
car length # spaces are not allowed
wheel-radius # hyphens are not allowed
@color # special characters not allowed

Objective 3 — The input() Function

What input() Does

• Pauses the program
• Waits for the user to type something
• Continues after Enter is pressed

Basic Syntax:

input("Enter something: ")

VERY IMPORTANT — Rule of Thumb for Numbers

When you ask the user for a whole number, Python does NOT automatically treat it as a number.

To make sure Python understands it correctly:

RULE OF THUMB

Whenever you want a whole number, ALWAYS use:

int(input("Enter a number: "))

Examples

car_length = int(input("Enter car length: "))
wheel_radius = int(input("Enter wheel radius: "))
pizza_size = int(input("Enter pizza size: "))

This keeps your program correct and prevents errors later.

Combine input + variables + identifiers

Example:

color = input("Enter a color: ")
size = int(input("Enter a size: "))

Now you can use these values in Turtle.

Quick MCQs (Check Your Understanding)

1. Which of the following is a correct identifier?
A. 2car
B. car length
C. car_length
D. car-length

2. What does input() do?
A. Draws a shape
B. Pauses and waits for user typing
C. Changes turtle color
D. Runs the program faster

3. If you want to ask the user for a whole number, what should you use?
A. input()
B. input() + number
C. int(input())
D. whole(input())

4. Which identifier is wrong?
A. pizza_size
B. crustColor
C. size2
D. pizza size

Guided Activity — Customizable Car

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class9.py

Image

Requirements

Ask the user for:

Car length → use int()
Car color → string
Wheel radius → use int()

Then draw a car using Turtle:

Rectangle body (use car length)
Filled color (use car color)
Two wheels (use wheel radius)

Boilerplate Code

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Write your drawing code in this section)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Independent Activity — Customizable Pizza Maker

Pizza Image

Your Task

Ask the user for:

Pizza size → use int()
Crust color
Cheese color

Then draw the pizza using:

Two concentric circles
p.circle()
p.begin_fill()
p.end_fill()
p.fillcolor()
p.goto()
penup()
pendown()
etc.

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier in this lecture.

Create Your Own File

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class9_independent.py

Inside that file, use the boilerplate and write your pizza code in the section marked:

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your pizza drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 9

Lecture 10 — print() Statement & Comments

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 10 — print() Statement & Comments

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Turtle Commands You Already Know

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward()`	Move forward
`p.backward()`	Move backward
`p.left()`	Turn left
`p.right()`	Turn right
`p.penup()`	Lift the pen
`p.pendown()`	Put the pen down
`p.pencolor()`	Change line color
`p.pensize()`	Change line thickness
`p.goto()`	Move to a coordinate
`p.setheading()`	Point the turtle in a direction
`p.circle()`	Draw a circle
`p.begin_fill()`	Start filling a shape
`p.end_fill()`	Finish filling a shape
`p.fillcolor()`	Set fill color
`p.dot()`	Draw a dot
`p.shape()`	Change turtle shape
`p.stamp()`	Stamp the turtle shape
`p.turtlesize()`	Resize the turtle icon
`p.speed()`	Change drawing speed
`wn.bgcolor()`	Change background color

Input, Variables & Identifiers (Quick Table)

Concept	Meaning (Simple)	Example
input()	Ask the user a question	`name = input("Enter name: ")`
variable	Stores a value	`size = 100`
identifier	Name of a variable	`wall_color`, `rocket_height`
Rule for numbers	Use `int()` when asking for whole numbers	`height = int(input("Enter height: "))`

Any questions about the previous assignment?

Ask now before we move on.

Objective

Understand how to display information using print() and write notes using comments.

What print() does & commas inside print
How to write comments

Objective 1 — print()

What print() Does

• Shows text or values on the screen
• Helps you communicate with the user

Basic Syntax:

print("Hello")

Using Commas in print()

Commas let you print multiple things in one line.

Example:

name = "Laksh"
print("Hello", name)

Output:

Hello Laksh

Commas automatically add a space between items.

Objective 2 — Comments (#)

Comments are notes for humans.
Python ignores them completely.

How to Write a Comment

# This is a comment
print("Welcome") # greeting message

Use comments to:

Explain your code
Label sections
Make your program easier to read

Quick MCQs (Check Your Understanding)

1. What does print() do?
A. Draws a shape
B. Shows text on the screen
C. Changes turtle color
D. Pauses the program

2. What does a comma do inside print()?
A. Joins text with no space
B. Adds a space between items
C. Makes the text bold
D. Converts numbers

3. What does a comment do?
A. Runs faster code
B. Draws a shape
C. Is ignored by Python
D. Prints a message

4. Which line is a correct comment?
A. // This is a comment
B. # This is a comment
C. comment This is a comment
D. * This is a comment

Guided Activity — Customizable House

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class10.py

House Image

Your Task

Ask the user for:

Wall size → use int()
Wall color

Then:

Print a line before drawing:

Drawing a house with wall size: 120 and color: blue

(Use commas inside print)

Draw the house using:
- p.begin_fill()
- p.end_fill()
- p.fillcolor()
- p.forward()
- p.left()
- p.goto()
- etc.
After the drawing is complete, print:
```
House construction complete!
```

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided below.

Boilerplate Code

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Write your drawing code in this section)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Independent Activity — Rocket Launcher

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:
turtle_class10_independent.py

Rocket Image

Your Task

Ask the user for:

Rocket height → use int()
Body color
Fin color

Then:

Print launch messages:

Initializing Launch Sequence...
Rocket Height Set To: 100 units
3... 2... 1... IGNITION!

Draw the rocket using:
- p.begin_fill()
- p.end_fill()
- p.fillcolor()
- p.circle()
- p.goto()
- penup()
- pendown()
- etc.

After drawing, print:

Rocket successfully deployed on canvas!

Use the Turtle boilerplate code provided earlier.

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom by:

Creating a Google Doc
Pasting your code into the document
Adding a screenshot of the output window showing your drawing
Turn in the Google Doc to the assignment titled In‑Class Exercise 10

Lecture 11 — Python Basic Commands Review Project

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Lecture 11 — Python Basic Commands Review Project

Instructor: Laksh Budhrani

Review / Recap

Turtle Commands You Already Know

Command	Meaning (Simple)
`p.forward()`	Move forward
`p.backward()`	Move backward
`p.left()`	Turn left
`p.right()`	Turn right
`p.penup()`	Lift the pen
`p.pendown()`	Put the pen down
`p.pencolor()`	Change line color
`p.pensize()`	Change line thickness
`p.goto()`	Move to a coordinate
`p.setheading()`	Point the turtle in a direction
`p.circle()`	Draw a circle
`p.begin_fill()`	Start filling a shape
`p.end_fill()`	Finish filling a shape
`p.fillcolor()`	Set fill color
`p.dot()`	Draw a dot
`p.shape()`	Change turtle shape
`p.stamp()`	Stamp the turtle shape
`p.turtlesize()`	Resize the turtle icon
`p.speed()`	Change drawing speed
`wn.bgcolor()`	Change background color

Input, Variables, Identifiers, Print & Comments (Quick Table)

Concept	Meaning (Simple)	Example
input()	Ask the user a question	`name = input("Enter name: ")`
int(input())	Ask for a whole number	`height = int(input("Enter height: "))`
variable	Stores a value	`size = 100`
identifier	Name of a variable	`wall_color`, `rocket_height`
print()	Show text or values on the screen	`print("Hello", name)`
comment (#)	Note for humans, ignored by Python	`# This draws the wall`

Objectives

Review Python basics learned so far
Use input, variables, identifiers, print, and comments
Build a Tricolor Flag Generator
Submit your final drawing in Google Classroom

Your Task for Today

You will not learn new commands today.
Instead, you will complete one required project using all Python basics learned so far.

Required Project — Tricolor Flag Generator

You must create a Tricolor Flag Generator using:

input()
variables
identifiers
print()
comments
turtle drawing methods

Your Task

Ask the user for:

Single stripe width → use int
Flag height → use int
Left stripe color
Middle stripe color
Right stripe color

Then:

Print two status messages before drawing:

--- GENERATING FLAG ---
Drawing 3 stripes side-by-side...

Draw three stripes, each using:

t.fillcolor()
t.begin_fill()
t.end_fill()
t.forward()
t.left()

After drawing all stripes, print:
```
Flag generation complete!
```

Boilerplate Code

Create a new Python file in VS Code named:

turtle_class11.py

import turtle as trtl

p = trtl.Turtle()
p.speed(0)

# --- ENTER YOUR CODE HERE ---
# (Write your Tricolor Flag Generator code here)



# --------------------------------------------------------------
# (Stop writing code above this line)

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.mainloop()

Submission Instructions

Submit your work in Google Classroom under:

Assignment 2 — Python Basic Commands Review Project

Include:

A Google Doc
Your code pasted inside
A screenshot of your final flag
Turn it in before the deadline

Reminder

This is your review assignment.
Use input, variables, identifiers, print, comments, and turtle methods together.

Have fun coding!

Computer Science Essentials on Laksh Budhrani | Course Hub

Lecture 1 — Turtle Basics

Lecture 1 — Turtle Basics

Objective

Objective 1 — Project Setup

1. Create your class folder

2. Open the folder in VS Code

3. Create your Python file

4. Run your file

Objective 2 — Turtle Canvas & Angles (Anticlockwise System)

Turtle Starting Position

Key Points

Objective 3 - Turtle Movement Basics

1. forward(distance)

2. left(angle)

Whiteboard Drawing Activity (Guided)

Whiteboard Image

Explain in Plain English

Now Let’s Code It Together

Notes

Independent Activity — Simple Flag Drawing

Flag Image

Your Task

Create Your Own File

Submission Instructions

Lecture 2 — Turtle Pen Control & Movements

Lecture 2 — Turtle Pen Control & Movements

Review / Recap

Basic Commands from Lecture 1

Objectives

Objective 1 — penup() and pendown()

Simple Definitions

Example: Drawing Three Horizontal Lines

Objective 2 & 3 — right() and backward()

Simple Definitions

Example: Drawing a Simple Letter C

House Drawing Activity (Guided)

House Image

Explain in Plain English

Boilerplate Code

Notes

Independent Activity — Letter L Inside a Square

Letter L Image

Your Task

Create Your Own File

Submission Instructions

Lecture 3 — Turtle Styling & Visibility

Lecture 3 — Turtle Styling & Visibility

Review / Recap

Basic Commands from Previous Lectures

Objectives

Objective 1 — pencolor()

Simple Definition

Example: Change Pen Color

Objective 2 — pensize()

Simple Definition

Example: Change Pen Size

Objective 3 — hideturtle()

Simple Definition

Example: Hide Turtle

Objective 4 — showturtle()

Simple Definition

Example: Show Turtle

CS Drawing Activity (Guided)

CS Image

Explain in Plain English

Boilerplate Code

Notes

Independent Activity — Color Stairs Drawing

Stairs Image

Your Task

Create Your Own File

Submission Instructions

Lecture 4 — Turtle Positioning & Direction

Lecture 4 — Turtle Positioning & Direction

Review / Recap

Basic Commands from Previous Lectures

Canvas Coordinates & Directions

Canvas Reference Image

Objectives

1. `forward(distance)`

2. `left(angle)`

Objective 1 — `penup()` and `pendown()`

Objective 2 & 3 — `right()` and `backward()`

Independent Activity — Letter `L` Inside a Square

Objective 1 — `pencolor()`

Objective 2 — `pensize()`

Objective 3 — `hideturtle()`

Objective 4 — `showturtle()`

Objective 1 — `goto(x, y)`

Objective 2 — `setheading(angle)`

Objective 1 — Full Circle: `circle(r)`

Objective 2 — Arc: `circle(r, a)`

Objective 3 — Polygon Circle: `circle(r, a, s)`

1. What does `p.circle(50)` draw?

2. What does `p.circle(80, 90)` draw?

3. What does the third parameter in `circle(r, a, s)` control?

5. What does `p.circle(30, 180)` draw?

7. What happens if you write `p.circle(100, 360, 4)`?

Objective 2 — `fillcolor()`

Objective 3 — `begin_fill()` and `end_fill()`